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Review the levels of your four main electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium), BUN, Creatinine, GFR, Urine specific gravity, and hematocrit. 

 

I would strongly recommend knowing the ALTS for the following diseases: (Risk Factors – aka what causes the disease, signs/symptoms and lab results (what the patient looks like), and what you are going to do (nursing cares and interventions) 

 

Know the risk factors, signs and symptoms, lab values, and interventions for the following: 

Symptoms of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH)
Diabetes Insipidus (DI)
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Thyroidectomy
Addison’s disease
Cushing’s disease
Hypoglycemia
Hyperglycemia
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (HHS)

Review principles related to death and dying:

Legal aspects (advance directives versus power of attorney)
Postmortem care
Understanding the dying process (signs and symptoms of impending death)
Communication during end-of-life care

Thyroid

Know what to do post op for patients with complete or partial thyroidectomy
Know what to monitor for with post op thyroidectomy patients
Know the complications of calcium with thyroidectomy surgery
Know the signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism
Know how TSH works with hypothyroidism and what happens to TSH after treatment begins
Know how to treat hypothyroidism
Know signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism
Know how to treat hyperthyroidism

Parathyroid

Know the hormones that control calcium levels in the blood
Know which hormone increases calcium
Know what hormone decreases calcium
Know treatment options for both hyper and hypoparathyroidism
Know diagnostic tests for both diseases
Know signs and symptoms of both diseases

Adrenal

Know signs and symptoms of Addison’s disease
Know diet recommendations for Addison’s disease
Know signs and symptoms of Cushing’s disease
Know diet recommendations for Cushing’s disease
Know the main hormones behind Addison’s and Cushing’s disease
Know what findings are dangerous for patients with Cushing’s disease and Addison’s disease
Be able to teach a patient how to monitor their Addison’s or Cushing’s disease at home

Diabetes

Know the differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes
Know the role of insulin and glucagon
Know the risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes
Know what and how to interpret A1c levels and what the goals are for managing diabetes
Understand and know what teaching you must do with a newly diagnosed diabetes patient
Know signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia
Know what to do if someone is hypoglycemic
Know how much carbs to give if hypoglycemic
Know the precautions and rules around giving glucagon
Know the precautions and rules around giving D10% (amp versus IV bag)
Know how to mix NPH and Regular insulin
Know when a patient should eat after taking insulin
Know how to recognize hyperglycemia
Know the signs and symptoms of DKA
Know how to treat DKA
Know the signs and symptoms of HHS
Know how to treat HHS
Know risk factors for DKA and HHS

Hypothalamus

Know what ADH does in the body
Know how SIADH affects urine output, urine osmolality, serum osmolality and sodium levels.
Know how DI affects urine output, urine osmolality, serum osmolality and sodium levels.
Know the signs and symptoms of DI and SIADH

Resources are Lippincott CoursePoint Enhanced for Brunner & Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing Chapter 9, 13 & 45-46, & ATI RN Adult Medical Surgical Nursing Edition 11.0 Chapter 4, 76-83, 93

SCIENCE
HEALTH SCIENCE
NURSING
MED/SURG NURSING 145