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23. The most abundant cation inside the cell is
A. sodium
B. bicarbonate
C. Chloride
D.potassium
24. Which of the following is most likely to lead to atrophy of a tissue?
a) increased mitoses of the tissue
b) increased work demand of the tissue
c) increased blood supply to a tissue
d) lack of regular hormonal stimulation to a tissue
25. Which of the following could lead to hypoxia? Select all that apply
o Manual strangulation
o Increased red blood cell count
o Carbon monoxide poisingÂ
o Cellular injury from immune responses
o Increased hemoglobin synthesis
26. As a result of a long history of high blood pressure. Mr Williams has developed pathologic enlargement of his heart muscle (myocardium) due to an increase in the size of the cells in the myocardium. The proper term for abnormal enlargement in cell size is.
a. Metaplasia
b. Dysplasia
c. Hyperplasia
d. Hypertrophy
e. Atrophy
27. Mr. Thomas has poorly controlled diabetes and peripheral vascular disease. Upon examining his feet, you find that his two left toes are dry shriveled and blackened. There are large areas of tissue death from severe hypoxic injury. You inform the patient that the toes will need to be amputated. What is the name of this condition.Â
a. Gangrenous necrosis
b. Fatty necrosis
c. Liquefactive necrosis
d. Caseous necrosis
28. If the blood pH were abnormally low due to a metabolic condition. What changes would you expect from the respiratory system?
a) The respiratory rate would remain unchangedÂ
b) The respiratory rate would decrease
c) The respiration rate would increase
d) The respiratory rate would be erratic
29. Which of the following are true about ATRIAL NATRIURETIC HORMONE? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
o ANH secretion results in reduced plasma sodium levels
o ANH secretion results in decreased blood volume
o ANH secretion causes in increased renin secretion
o ANH secretion results in decreased blood potassium levels
o ANH secretion results in decreased plasma volume Â
30. A nine-year child has a bacterial GI infection with severe diarrhea. Resulting in metabolic acidosis. Which of the following findings would not be expected to be seen in this child?
a) Bicarbonate being secreted into the urine
b) Decreased blood pH
c) Hydrogen ions being secreted into the urine
d) Increased respiratory rate to combat the acidosisÂ
31. Which of the following is Not accurate regarding aldosterone secretion?Â
a) Aldosterone increases blood potassium levels
b) Secretion of aldosterone rises blood pressure
c) Secretion of aldosterone is stimulated by renin
d) Secretion of aldosterone increases blood sodium levels
32. which of the following is not true with hypercalcemiaÂ
a. Hypercalcemia may result from hypoparathyroidismÂ
b. Bone pain and osteoporosis may occur due to breakdown of bone
c. The patient may develop kidney stones
d. Excess Vitamin D may contribute to hypercalcemiaÂ
33.The process of hypertrophy may result from (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)Â
o AGING
o LACK OF BLOOD SUPPLY
o INCREASED WORK DEMAND
o LACK OF USE
o HORMONAL STIMULATIONÂ
34. Common causes of the increased filtration of fluid from capillaries and lymphatic channels into surrounding tissues (edema) include all the following except.
a) Decreased plasma oncotic pressure
b) Increased capillary membrane permeability
c) Increased barometric pressure
d) Lymphatic obstructionÂ
e) An increased hydrostatic pressure.
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SCIENCE
HEALTH SCIENCE
NURSING
NUR 306