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1) Which of the following is most likely to lead to hypertrophy of a tissue or organ?

a.Increased mechanical stimuli eg, stretching pressure or volume overload 

b. Decreased blood flow to the tissue 

c. Decreased metabolic demands on the tissue 

d.Decreased stimulation by growth factor

 

2)  ( APPLY TO THE CORRECT CHOICE)

-Blood between inner surface of dura mater and surface of brain

-Wound from object with sharps point but without the sharp edges

-Wound that is longer than it is deep usually produces significant external bleeding

Penetrating sharp force injury that is deeper than it is long, often has minimal external bleeding despite copious internal bleeding.

CHOICES 

LACERATION

INCISED WOUND

STAB WOUND

SUBDURAL HEMATOMA

PUNCTURE WOUND

EPIDURAL HEMATOMA

3) Which of the following could lead to hypoxia? Select all that apply

Increased red cell count
Increased hemoglobin levels
Drowning
Cyanide poisoning 
Infectious injuries from microorganisms

4) The term for the active process of cellular self-destruction resulting in programmed cell death is.

a. APOPTOSIS

b. ONCOSIS

c. NECROSIS

d. STEATOSIS

 

5) True or false: Calcification that occurs in undamaged normal tissue due to hypercalcemia is called dystrophic calcification.

True

False 

6) Match the description with the correct postmortem phase of death

First stage after death, in which the surface of the skin becomes pales and yellowish
Second stage after death, in which a decrease in body temperature occurs 
Sixth stage death, which occurs when the organic matter of the body is broken down into elemental matter and recycle into the earth’s biosphere.
Fifth stage after death, when tissues and organs break down into gaseous and liquid matte by the action of bacteria. 

Choices

Livor mortis 

Algor mortis

Putrefaction

Pallor mortis

Rigor mortis

Decomposition 

 

7) After her most recent pap smear, Jane was told that her cervix shows precancerous abnormal changes.  The appropriate clinical term for abnormal changes in the size, shape and organization of cells is.

a. Atrophy

b. Hypertrophy

c. Metaplasia

d. Hyperplasia

e. Dysplasia

 

8) A pathologist is conducting an autopsy on a newly deceased patient. Upon examining the patient’s heart, the pathologist finds an area of infarct in which the heat’s normal proteins have been denatured and transformed from their normal gelatinous state into a firm, opaque substance. What Is the name for this type of necrosis?

a. Liquefactive necrosis

b. Caseous necrosis

c. Coagulative necrosis

d. Fatty necrosis

 

9) 2/3 of body water is found in 

a. Extracellular fluid

b. intracellular fluid

c. synovial fluid

d. plasma

 

10) If the blood pH were too high due to a metabolic condition. What change would you expect from the respiratory system?

a. The respiratory rate would remain unchanged 

b. The respiratory rate would decrease

c. The respiration rate would increase

d. The respiratory rate would be erratic 

 

11) Metabolic alkalosis can result from which of the following
a.Hyperventilation
b. An accumulation of ketones in the blood
c. Emphysema
d. Vomiting 
 

 

 

SCIENCE
HEALTH SCIENCE
NURSING
NUR 306